What is the Federal Poverty Level (FPL)?

The Federal Poverty Level (FPL) helps determine eligibility for government programs, including some school choice scholarships and funding options. Each year, the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) sets income thresholds based on household size.

If your family earns less than this amount, you may qualify as “at” or “below” the poverty level. For example, in 2025, a family of four earning under $31,200 falls at 100% of the FPL.

Many programs don’t stop there—they use percentages above the FPL, like 185%, 250%, or even 400%, to expand eligibility. This means even families with moderate incomes may still qualify for certain school funding support.

Understanding your income compared to the FPL is key when applying for educational benefits or scholarships. Most state programs include charts or tools to help you estimate your eligibility.

The FPL exists to direct resources to families who need them most, including those navigating public, private, or alternative schooling options. Knowing where your income stands helps you prepare documents and apply confidently.

Income thresholds change every year, so always check the latest guidelines before applying to any education program. Some states may also adjust limits based on cost of living or additional criteria.

While the FPL isn’t the only factor in school choice eligibility, it plays a major role in many programs nationwide. By understanding how the FPL works, families can better access opportunities tailored to their children’s educational needs.